@article{oai:oist.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001501,
 author = {Wu, Zhifang and Jiang, Maowei and Liu, Zonghao and Jamshaid, Afshan and Ono, Luis K. and Qi, Yabing},
 issue = {10},
 journal = {Advanced Energy Materials},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {In the past decade, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells quickly increased from 3.8% to 25.2%. The quality of perovskite films plays vital role in device performance. The films fabricated by solution-process are usually polycrystalline, with significantly higher defect density than that of single crystal. One kind of defect in the films is uncoordinated Pb2+, which is usually generated during thermal annealing process due to the volatile organic component. Another detrimental kind of defect is Pb-0, which is often observed during the film fabrication process or solar cell operation. Because the open circuit voltage has a close relation with the defect density, it is thus desirable to passivate these two kinds of defects. Here, a molecule with multiple ligands is introduced, which not only passivates the uncoordinated Pb2+ defects, but also suppresses the formation of Pb-0 defects. Meanwhile, such a treatment improves the energy level alignment between the valence band of perovskite and the highest occupied molecular orbital of spiro-OMeTAD. As a result, the performance of perovskite solar cells significantly increases from 19.0% to 21.4%.},
 title = {Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Multiple Ligand Passivation},
 volume = {10},
 year = {2020}
}