@phdthesis{oai:oist.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000185,
 author = {駱, 乙君 and ルオ, イージュン and Luo, Yi-Jyun},
 month = {2017-12-21, 2018-03-14},
 note = {Brachiopods, phoronids, and nemerteans are closely related lophotrochozoans, yet they carry distinct feeding apparatuses and lifestyles. They are poorly studied despite their importance in ecology, evolution, and paleontology. As a result, the genetic basis of their evolutionary origins and body plans have been obscure. Since the Cambrian explosion ~540 million years ago, animal forms have greatly diversified. One fundamental question of animal evolution is how these diverse morphologies are formed. While animals share many developmental toolkit genes, they also possess novel genes and expansion of gene families in a lineage-specific manner. How lineage-specific genes and changes of genomic features contribute to morphological novelties is still a challenge in understanding animal evolution. Also, whether common toolkit genes are involved in patterning these novelties at the genomic level is not well understood. Here I present the genomes of the brachiopod Lingula anatina, the phoronid Phoronis australis, and the nemertean Notospermus geniculatus, together with multiple transcriptomes, providing a comparative platform to understand the evolution of animal genomes and the origin of lophotrochozoans.

Using genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches, I show that although Lingula and vertebrates have superficially similar hard tissue components, Lingula lacks genes involved in bone formation, suggesting an independent origin of their phosphate biominerals. Several genes involved in Lingula shell formation are shared by molluscs. However, Lingula has independently undergone domain combinations to produce shell matrix collagens with epidermal growth factor domains and carries lineage-specific shell matrix proteins. Gene family expansion, domain shuffling, and co-option of genes appear to be the genomic background of Lingula’s unique biomineralization. Genome-based phylogenetic analyses place Nemertea sister to the group of Brachiopoda and Phoronida. Lophotrochozoans share many gene families with deuterostomes, suggesting that lophotrochozoans retain a core set of bilaterian gene repertoire rather than ecdysozoans or remaining spiralians. Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that lophophores of brachiopods and phoronids have resemblance not only morphologically but also at the molecular level. Despite lophophores are dissimilar from head structures, lophophores highly express vertebrate head organizer and neuronal marker genes, probably indicating a common origin of bilaterian head patterning. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lophotrochozoans in which bilaterian-conserved and lineage-specific features shape the evolution of their genomes.},
 school = {Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University},
 title = {腕足動物、箒虫動紐形動物の比較ゲノム科学的研究：冠輪動物の進化と形態的新奇性の起源への洞察},
 year = {}
}